Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1beta production

Nature Immunology, 2009, doi:10.1038/ni.1824, 11, 63–69 (2010) published on 15.11.2009
Nature Immunology, online article
Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) is a potent proinflammatory factor during viral infection. Its production is tightly controlled by transcription of Il1b dependent on the transcription factor NF-κB and subsequent processing of pro-IL-1betaby an inflammasome. However, the sensors and mechanisms that facilitate RNA virus–induced production of IL-1beta are not well defined. Here we report a dual role for the RNA helicase RIG-I in RNA virus–induced proinflammatory responses. Whereas RIG-I-mediated activation of NF-KB required the signaling adaptor MAVS and a complex of the adaptors CARD9 and Bcl-10, RIG-I also bound to the adaptor ASC to trigger caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activation by a mechanism independent of MAVS, CARD9 and the Nod-like receptor protein NLRP3. Our results identify the CARD9–Bcl-10 module as an essential component of the RIG-I-dependent proinflammatory response and establish RIG-I as a sensor able to activate the inflammasome in response to certain RNA viruses.

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